Hypertension affects up to 5% of children

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 High blood pressure can affect children and adolescents, and health awareness is growing, but there are still many myths about it.

 Hypertension is a common condition that can lead to serious complications, such as a heart attack or stroke. Old age is a risk factor, but children and young people are also at risk. Blood pressure isn't always checked on small patients, but it can be a sign of a serious condition that is "hidden." High blood pressure should be checked not only in adults. Here are the facts and myths about high blood pressure in children.

 MYTH 1. Children cannot have high blood pressure

 

Children can have high blood pressure, with as many as one in 25 people aged 12-19 having it and 1 in 10 having prehypertension. Blood pressure norms for children are different from those for adults and should be based on gender, age and height. 

 

MYTH 2. Children do not need to have their blood pressure checked

 Blood pressure should be regularly checked in healthy children starting at age 3 and should occur at least once a year. This preventative checkup is advised. Regular measurements are taken in the case of i.a. in children under the age of three.

 

  • prematurity,
  • organ transplantation or bone marrow transplantation,
  • tumors,
  • congenital heart defects,
  • use of medicines that affect blood pressure.

By keeping an eye on blood pressure, we can catch a disturbing symptom early, which can sometimes be a sign of another serious disease. Both at home and during an office visit, a doctor should take your child's blood pressure. 

 MYTH 3. A child without any disease cannot have high blood pressure

 Children have essential hypertension, which is not caused by another disease, according to US guidelines. High blood pressure in this group is frequently caused by a lack of exercise, being overweight, and eating a poor diet. Aside from lifestyle, genetic predisposition is important. It should also be noted that children who take certain medications (e.g., steroids, cyclosporine, pseudoephedrine) or stimulants are more likely to develop hypertension (e.g. nicotine, drugs). The younger the child, the more likely that high blood pressure is caused by something else (e.g. kidney or thyroid disease). Then we discuss secondary hypertension.

 MYTH 4. A blood pressure spike in a child is indicated by a nosebleed

 Hypertension is usually asymptomatic! As a result, pressure measurements are required to identify it (preferably several at intervals). Clinical symptoms are sometimes caused by high blood pressure. In fact, nosebleeds are one of them, and they are usually not caused by high blood pressure in children. Trauma, weakness, infection, and certain medications such as ibuprofen or aspirin can all be causes. Shortness of breath, tiredness, headache, dizziness, and, in rare cases, seizures, loss of consciousness, and visual or consciousness disturbances are all possible symptoms of high blood pressure.

 MYTH 5. A simple blood pressure monitor is enough to measure a child's blood pressure

 Only use upper arm blood pressure monitors rather than wrist blood pressure monitors. The most important aspect is the cuff, which children do not use in the same way that adults do. To achieve the desired result, the cuff must be adjusted to the child's age and, preferably, the circumference of the child's arm. The following are the standard dimensions:

 

  • newborn cuff: width 4 cm, length 8 cm,
  • infant cuff: width 6 cm, length 12 cm,
  • cuff for older children: width 9 cm, length 18 cm.

A cuff that is too narrow or too wide will cause the result to be high or low.

 What can I do to prevent high blood pressure in my child?

 It is primarily the responsibility of parents to prevent hypertension in their children. Physical activity and nutritious, healthy meals can help your child maintain a healthy weight.

 

  • Be a role model for your child! Introduce daily physical activity and healthy meals into your home routine, including plenty of fruit, vegetables, groats and other whole grain products - the fiber contained in them has a positive effect on the blood pressure level.
  • Limit the salt in your baby's food (sodium raises blood pressure).
  • Give your child a healthy breakfast to school every day , including fruit or vegetables.
  • Avoid foods high in sugars and saturated fats.
  • Limit sugary carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. Instead, convince your child to drink water.
  • Help your child choose sports that he/she likes and will suit his/her abilities.
  • Help shape healthy habits in the school environment .

 

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